CNC lathe is composed of CNC device, bed, headstock, tool feed system, tailstock, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubrication system, chip removal device and other parts.

CNC lathes are divided into vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes two types.

Vertical CNC lathes are used for turning disk parts with large rotating diameter.

Horizontal CNC lathes are used for turning parts with long axial dimensions or small disks.

Horizontal CNC lathes can be further divided into economic CNC lathes, ordinary CNC lathes and turning machining centers.

Economical CNC lathe: a simple CNC lathe formed after transforming the turning feed system of ordinary lathe with stepper motor and single chip microcomputer. The cost is low, the degree of automation and function are relatively poor, and the turning precision is not high, which is suitable for the turning of rotary parts with low requirements.

General CNC lathe: according to the turning processing requirements in the structure of the special design, equipped with a general CNC system and formed CNC lathe. The CNC system has strong function, high degree of automation and processing accuracy, and is suitable for the turning of general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, that is, the x axis and the z axis.

Turning center

Turning center: On the basis of ordinary CNC lathes, the C-axis and power head are added, and more advanced machine tools also have a tool library, which can control X, Z and C three coordinate axes, and the linkage control axis can be (X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). Due to the addition of C-axis and milling power head, the processing function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced, in addition to general turning, it can also carry out radial and axial milling, surface milling, and drilling of holes and radial holes whose center line is not in the center of the part's rotation.

Hydraulic chuck and hydraulic tailstock

Hydraulic chuck is an important attachment for clamping workpiece during CNC turning. Ordinary hydraulic chuck can be used for general rotary parts. For parts that are not cylindrical parts, special chuck is required; Spring chucks are required for direct machining of parts with bar materials. For parts with a large ratio of axial size and radial size, a live center installed on the hydraulic tail frame is needed to support the end of the part to ensure the correct processing of the part. The tailstock has a common hydraulic tailstock and a programmable hydraulic tailstock.

Universal tool rest

CNC lathes can be equipped with two tool holders:

① Special tool holder: developed by the lathe manufacturer itself, the tool handle used is also special. The advantage of this tool holder is low manufacturing cost, but it lacks versatility.

② General tool holder: according to a certain general standard (such as VDI, the German Association of Engineers) and the production of the tool holder, CNC lathe manufacturers can choose the configuration according to the functional requirements of CNC lathe.

Milling power head

The machining capacity of CNC lathes can be greatly expanded after the milling power head is installed on the tool holder. For example, the milling power head is used for axial drilling and milling of axial slots.

CNC lathe tool

When turning parts on the CNC lathe or turning machining center, the position of the tool on the tool rest should be reasonably and scientifically arranged according to the tool rest structure and the number of tools that can be installed, and attention should be paid to avoiding the interference between the tool and the machine tool, the tool and the workpiece and the tool when the tool is at rest and working.

Machine tool composition

Host, he is the main body of CNC machine tool, including machine tool body, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical parts. It is a mechanical component used to complete various cutting processes.

Numerical control device is the core of numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, paper tape reader, etc.) and the corresponding software, used to input the digital part program, and complete the input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operations and the realization of various control functions.

The driving device is the driving part of the CNC machine tool executive mechanism, including the spindle drive unit, the feed unit, the spindle motor and the feed motor. He realizes spindle and feed drive by electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system under the control of numerical control device. When several feeds are linked, the processing of positioning, straight line, plane curve and space curve can be completed.

Auxiliary device, some necessary supporting parts of the exponential control machine tool to ensure the operation of the CNC machine tool, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc. It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip removal devices, exchange tables, CNC turntables and CNC indexing heads, and also includes cutting tools and monitoring and testing devices.

Programming and other ancillary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.

Since the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed the world's first numerical control machine tool in 1952, numerical control machine tools in the manufacturing industry, especially in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries are widely used, numerical control technology in both hardware and software, have rapid development.