The development of science and technology has led to the acceleration of product replacement and the diversification of people's needs, and the production of products has also tended to be diversified and miniaturized in batches. In order to adapt to this change, numerical control (NC) equipment in the enterprise more and more important role. Our school as a national key vocational school, in order to conform to the trend of The Times, focus on the construction of CNC professional, the purchase of BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe. Compared with ordinary lathes, a significant advantage is: strong adaptability to changes in parts, replacement parts only need to change the corresponding program, simple adjustment of the tool can make qualified parts, to save costs to win the opportunity. However, to give full play to the role of CNC machine tools, it is not only necessary to have good hardware, (such as: high-quality tools, the accuracy of machine tools, etc.), but more importantly, software: programming, that is, according to the characteristics of different parts, to prepare reasonable and efficient processing programs. Through years of programming practice and teaching, I have developed some programming skills.

Although the CNC lathe processing flexibility is superior to the ordinary lathe, but only in terms of the production efficiency of a certain part, there is still a certain gap with the ordinary lathe. Therefore, improving the efficiency of CNC lathes has become the key, and the reasonable use of programming skills, the preparation of efficient processing procedures, to improve the efficiency of machine tools often have unexpected effects.

1. Set reference points flexibly

BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe has two axes, namely main shaft Z and tool shaft X. The center of the bar is the origin of the coordinate system. When each tool approaches the bar, the coordinate value decreases, which is called feed. On the contrary, the coordinate value increases, which is called backcutting. The tool stops when it is retreated to the starting position of the tool, which is called the reference point. The reference point is a very important concept in programming, and after each automatic loop is executed, the tool must return to this position to prepare for the next loop. Therefore, before executing the program, the actual position of the tool and the spindle must be adjusted to be consistent with the coordinate value. However, the actual position of the reference point is not fixed, and the programmer can adjust the position of the reference point according to the diameter of the part, the type and number of tools used, and shorten the empty stroke of the tool. Thereby increasing efficiency.

2. Turn parts into whole pieces

In low-voltage electrical appliances, there are a large number of short pin parts, whose length-diameter ratio is about 2 to 3, and the diameter is more than 3mm. Due to the small geometric size of the parts, ordinary instrument lathes are difficult to clamp and cannot guarantee the quality. If the program is programmed according to the conventional method, only one part is processed in each cycle, due to the short axial size, the spindle slider of the machine tool is frequently reciprocated in the bed guide rail, and the spring chuck clamping mechanism is frequently moved. After a long time of work, it will cause excessive local wear of the machine tool guide rail, affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and even cause the machine tool to be scrapped. The frequent action of the clamping mechanism of the spring chuck will lead to the damage of the control electrical apparatus. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to increase the feeding length of the spindle and the operation interval of the spring chuck clamping mechanism, while not reducing the productivity. It is assumed that if several parts can be processed in one machining cycle, the spindle feeding length is several times the length of a single part, and even the maximum running distance of the spindle, and the action interval of the spring chuck clamping mechanism is extended to several times the original. More importantly, the auxiliary time of the original single part is divided among several parts, and the auxiliary time of each part is greatly shortened, thus improving the production efficiency. In order to realize this idea, the concept of the main program and subroutine in computer to computer program design, if the command field involving the geometric size of the part is placed in a subroutine, and the command field about the control of the machine tool and the command field of cutting the part is placed in the main program, each time a part is processed, the main program calls the subroutine once by calling the subroutine command. After processing, jump back to the main program. It is necessary to process several parts and call several subroutines, which is very conducive to increasing and decreasing the number of parts processed each cycle. The processing program prepared in this way is also more concise and clear, easy to modify and maintain. It is worth noting that since the parameters of the subroutine remain unchanged in each call, and the coordinates of the main axis change at any time, in order to adapt to the main program, relative programming statements must be used in the subroutine.

3, reduce the empty stroke of the tool

In the BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe, the movement of the tool is driven by the stepper motor, although there is a fast point positioning command G00 in the program command, but compared with the feed method of the ordinary lathe, it is still not efficient. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of the machine tool, the operating efficiency of the tool must be improved. The empty stroke of the tool refers to the distance at which the tool approaches the workpiece and returns to the reference point after cutting. As long as the empty stroke of the tool is reduced, the operating efficiency of the tool can be improved. (For point-controlled CNC lathes, only high positioning accuracy is required, the positioning process can be as fast as possible, and the path of the tool relative to the workpiece is irrelevant.) In terms of machine adjustment, the initial position of the tool should be arranged as close as possible to the bar material. In terms of procedures, according to the structure of the parts, the use of as few tools as possible to process the parts so that the tools are dispersed from each other as much as possible during installation, and there will be no interference with each other when they are very close to the bar material; On the other hand, because the actual initial position of the tool has changed with the original, the reference point position of the tool must be modified in the program to make it consistent with the actual situation, and at the same time with the quick point positioning command, the empty stroke of the tool can be controlled in the minimum range to improve the machining efficiency of the machine tool.

4, optimize parameters, balance tool load, reduce tool wear